Potential Political Upheavals in Europe Amid Economic Improvement

Potential Political Upheavals in Europe

Potential political upheavals have emerged recently across Europe, diverting attention from the region’s improving economic fundamentals, which may well be even more robust. In France, concerns that the far right is on the verge of winning a majority in Parliament depressed stocks and drove bond yields higher after a snap election was called. Across the channel, the United Kingdom appears poised to have its first center-left government since 2010

Politics Overshadowing Economic Developments

In both scenarios, politics are overshadowing positive economic developments. Growth, which has been slower than in the U.S. since the end of the pandemic, is accelerating. Additionally, inflation and interest rates are declining.

Political turmoil eclipses economic gains despite accelerated growth, reduced inflation, and declining interest rates, acording to WSJ Subscription Offers

Potential political and economic prospects for Europe are brightening even as growth in the U.S. is decelerating. This marks a significant shift from the past two years when Europe’s expansion was notably weaker than the U.S., and its inflation rates were higher.

Signs of Recovery

Potential political and economic changes are occurring in Europe. Business surveys are indicating a recovery, says George Buckley, chief European economist at Nomura in London. “Inflation is decreasing, the labor market is robust, and wage growth is advancing at a brisk pace. All of that is encouraging for the outlook.

The European Central Bank foresees growth improving. On June 6, it raised its growth forecasts in the 20 euro countries to 0.9% in 2024 from 0.6%, and anticipates further improvement to 1.4% in 2025.

Conversely, the U.S. growth rate halved in the first quarter of this year from the fourth quarter. While U.S. unemployment has begun to rise, euro-zone unemployment fell to a record low in April—a positive sign for consumer spending. Additionally, slower inflation has enabled the ECB to lower interest rates for the first time since the pandemic. This head start—the Federal Reserve has yet to cut—could significantly bolster growth.


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United Kingdom’s Economic Outlook

In the U.K., the Bank of England left rates unchanged this month. The inflation rate fell to the BOE’s 2% target in May, but the central bank expects it to rise again. It also predicts growth strengthening over the next two years following a recession at the end of 2023, compared with Fed forecasts for U.S. expansion to remain steady at a slower pace than in 2023.

Political Changes and Economic Implications

The question is whether a change in governments in France or the U.K. can derail the economy as it gains momentum; Liz Truss’ brief tenure as U.K. prime minister in 2022 is a reminder of the economic harm that politics can inflict.

Marine Le Pen’s RN party could win a majority in France’s June 30 and July 7 elections. RN suggests costly tax cuts and pension changes, raising government debt. Consequently, French bond yields rose after President Macron called the election.

If RN forms a government, it must collaborate with Macron’s executive until the 2027 presidential election. This could lead to gridlock, which the U.S. has shown can be tolerated by the economy and markets. RN might evolve into a moderate party like Giorgia Meloni’s Brothers of Italy, in power since 2022.

In the U.K., the Labour Party has led the polls consistently, pledging to ensure economic stability. The main question in the July 4 vote is Labour’s majority size and whether another party could overtake the Conservatives as the second-largest bloc, with minimal impact on immediate growth.

To be sure, the rise of right-wing parties in Europe is concerning for numerous reasons, from immigration to increasing social spending and strained budget deficits. But economically, Europe is improving. It’ll take a lot to derail this progress.


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